Periodic orbits

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Stuff on periodic orbits to appear here!

[Under construction]

Periodic orbits in pipe flow

Pipe flow, Re=2500. Regions of flow, slower than the mean flow is indicated in blue, called 'streaks'. Rotating 'vortex structures' are indicated in yellow. To simplify analysis a 4-fold rotational symmetry has been imposed. This does not significantly affect statistical properties of the flow, e.g. the turbulent friction factor:


Viewed in a moving frame, recurring patterns are observed - periodic orbits:

A spatially localised patch of turbulence: